Assembly Language: The first assembly language was developed in 1947 by Kathleen Booth for the ARC2 at Birkbeck,University of London following work with John Neumann and Herman Goldstine at the institute for Advanced Study.

We can say that it is a low level programming language which is used as an interface with computer hardware's . Low Level programming languages such as assembly language are a necessary bridge between the underlying hardware of a computer and the higher-Level programming languages such as  python or JavaScript in  which modern software programs are written.It uses structured commands as substitutions for numbers, allowing humans to read the code easier than looking at binary codes.

Advantages of Assembly Language:

• 1.The symbolic programming of Assembly Language is easier to understand and saves a lot of time and effort of the programmer.
• 2. It is relatively easier to correct errors and modify program instructions.
• 3. Assembly language has almost the same efficiency of execution as the machine level language because there is one-to-one translator between assembly language program and its corresponding machine language program.

Disadvantages of Assembly Language:

• 1. Assembly language is machine dependent. A program written for one computer might not nun on other computers with different hardware configuration.
• 2. In case of an assembly language,instruction are still written at the machine code level.Thus writing assembly language programs is still time consuming and not very easy.
• 3. Knowledge of hardware required.

In this Question:

________________ are a necessary bridge between the underlying hardware of a computer and the higher-Level programming languages.

The answer is Low Level Language.

Hence the option B is correct.

Assembly Language: The first assembly language was developed in 1947 by Kathleen Booth for the ARC2 at Birkbeck,University of London following work with John Neumann and Herman Goldstine at the institute for Advanced Study.

Assembly language is the most basic programming language available for any processor. Using assembly language, a programmer works only with operations implemented directly on the physical CPU, On the most basic level, a computer program is nothing  more than a collection of numbers stored in memory. Different numbers tell the CPU to do different things. The CPU reads the numbers one at a time, decodes them, and does what the numbers say.

We can say that it is a low level programming language which is used as an interface with computer hardware's . Low Level programming languages such as assembly language are a necessary bridge between the underlying hardware of a computer and the higher-Level programming languages such as  python or JavaScript in  which modern software programs are written.It uses structured commands as substitutions for numbers, allowing humans to read the code easier than looking at binary codes.

Advantages of Assembly Language:

• 1.The symbolic programming of Assembly Language is easier to understand and saves a lot of time and effort of the programmer.
• 2. It is relatively easier to correct errors and modify program instructions.
• 3. Assembly language has almost the same efficiency of execution as the machine level language because there is one-to-one translator between assembly language program and its corresponding machine language program.

Disadvantages of Assembly Language:

• 1. Assembly language is machine dependent. A program written for one computer might not nun on other computers with different hardware configuration.
• 2. In case of an assembly language,instruction are still written at the machine code level.Thus writing assembly language programs is still time consuming and not very easy.
• 3. Knowledge of hardware required.

In this Question :

Which of the following is the advantage of Assembly language ?

1.  The symbolic programming of Assembly Language is easier to understand and saves a lot of time and effort of the programmer.

2.  It is relatively easier to correct errors and modify program instructions.

3.   A program written for one computer might not nun on other computers with different hardware configuration.

4.   All of these

The answer is Both 1 and 2.

Hence the option A is correct .